Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Discrimination is Everywhere! Essay -- Prejudice Stereotype
Discriminationââ¬âEverywhere! Discrimination can be confused with other terms such as prejudice and stereotype. It is important to differentiate between the three terms so that we better understand what we deal with in society. Stereotypes are images held in our minds in regards to certain racial or cultural groups, without consideration of whether the images held are true or false. Stemming from stereotypes is prejudice. The prejudicial attitude occurs when we prejudge a person, good or bad, on the basis that the stereotypes associated with the person/group being prejudged are true. Discrimination is the combination of the terms mentioned above, but involves actually acting out with unfair treatment, directing the action towards the person/group. Prejudice and discrimination do not just occur racially, but it is found among gender, religion, culture, and geographical background. Remember that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a result of action. At one point in our lives, we have all experienced a type of discrimination. It happens to everyone, even if they happen to be the ââ¬Å"dominatingâ⬠group of their society. By dominating, I am referring to the stereotype that white, rich men dominate the society. Is it false, or true? I, myself, have experienced discrimination. One example is the wonderful experience of buying a car. It is tough enough to get up the courage to deal with the salesmen at the dealership, but even harder when you are a young female. Mo...
Monday, January 13, 2020
Assess Sociological Explanations of Changes in the Status of Childhood
Childhood is socially construted, this means it is only a human concept and the only reason that ââ¬Ëchildhood' exists is because society makes it that way. Over time childhood has changed as different norms and values over each century of life have been different and is still changing at present. Also in different places of the world there are different cultures and ethics so therefore their veiw of childhood will also be different. As Wagg (1992) states ââ¬ËChildhood is socially constructed.It is, in other words, what members of particular societies, at particular times, and in particular places, say it is. There is no single universal childhood, experienced by all. So, childhood isnt ââ¬Å"naturalâ⬠and should be distinguished from mere biological immaturity. ââ¬â¢ However childhood has not always been controlled like this as in pre-industrial times Aries (1960) argues that ââ¬Ëthe idea of childhood did not existââ¬â¢ Soon after being weaned, the child entered wider society on much the same terms as an adult.However childhood has changed over time and as it says in Item A ââ¬ËThe development of industrial society meant that childrenââ¬â¢s lifeââ¬â¢s were increasingly confined, disciplined, and regulated by adultsââ¬â¢. In historical times law often made no distinction between children and adults and as Shorter (1975) argues that high death rates encouraged indifference and neglect, especially towards infants. Childhood is much different now as although neglect is still present, there are laws imposed to protect children, such as the 1989 Child Protection Act.The March Of Progress view would agree that childhood is better now than it was due to laws like this. According to sociologist Aries childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards, as schools specialized more in teaching the young since the Compulsory Schooling Act 1880 was imposed leading children to become more educated as adults. This was thought to be the influence of the church as they started to see children as fragile ââ¬Ëcreatures of godââ¬â¢ in need of protection. Childrenââ¬â¢s clothing also began to change, as before there was no distinction between adults and children.However some sociologists have criticized Aries for arguing childhood did not exist in the past. Pollock (1983) for example argues that society in the middle ages simply had a different notion of childhood from todays. The ââ¬ËMarch Of Progressââ¬â¢ view argues that today children in western societies has been steadily improving and today it is better than it has ever been. Aries and Shorter both hold this view as they argue todayââ¬â¢s children are more valued, better cared for, protected, educated, enjoy better health, and have more rights than those of previous generations.Due to this more ââ¬Ëchild centeredââ¬â¢ society there are higher living standards and smaller family sizes which gives governments more money to offer free health care. However ââ¬ËThe Conflict Viewââ¬â¢ with sociologists such as the Marxists and Feminists dispute this. They argue that society is based on a conflict between different social groups, such as social classes or genders. This view would see inequalities among children, as they still remain unprotected and badly cared for.Gender and ethnic differences may also occur as for example boys are generally allowed more freedom than girls, and also from Brannenââ¬â¢s (1994) study of 16-16 year olds found that Asian parents were more likely than other parents to be strict towards their daughters. There are also many class inequalities between children as according to Woodroffe (1993) children of unskilled manual workers are over three times more likely to suffer from hyperactivity and four times more likely to experience conduct disorders than the children of professionals.There are also major inequalities of power between children and adults. March of Progress writers argue that adults use this power for the benefit and protection of children, for example by passing laws against child labor. However, critics such as Firestone (1979) and Holt (1974) argue that this is an excuse for new forms of oppression and control. Neglect and abuse towards children still occurs in society today as it did in pre-industrial times. Adult control over children can take the extreme form of physical neglect, or physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.Some may say due to figures from charities such as Child Line rising there is a ââ¬Ëdark sideââ¬â¢ to family life, where children are victims. This shows in some cases the status of children hasnââ¬â¢t changed over time. Childhood has changed more in other ways such as parents have more control over childrenââ¬â¢s space as there is increasingly close surveillance over children in public spaces such as shopping centreââ¬â¢s, especially in times when they should be in school.However in contrast to this Katz (1993) describes how rural Sudanese children roam freely both within the village and several kilometers outside it. This shows that changes can still occur but not in some places of the world. Adults in todayââ¬â¢s society also can control childrenââ¬â¢s daily routines, for example when they get up, go to bed, have breakfast, etc. Whereas in historical times this wouldnââ¬â¢t have been an issue. Adults exercise enormous control over childrenââ¬â¢s bodies including how they sit, walk, and run, what they wear, hairstyles etc. hereas in some non-industrial cultures this may not be an issue, and therefore giving children more freedom. Some sociologists such as Postman (1994) argue that childhood is ââ¬Ëdisappearing at a dazzling speedââ¬â¢ as he says by giving children the same rights as adults, the disappearance of childrenââ¬â¢s traditional unsupervised games, the growing similarity of adults and childrenââ¬â¢s clothing and even committing adult crimes lies in the ris e and fall of print culture and its replacement by television culture.This is evident as unlike the printed word, television does not require special skills to access it, and therefore make it available to everyone, including children and this also shows in Item A as it says ââ¬Ëchildhood and adulthood is once again becoming blurredââ¬â¢. Unlike Postman, Opie (1993) argues that childhood is not disappearing, based on a lifetime of research she argues there is strong evidence of the continued existence of a separate childrenââ¬â¢s culture over many years.Child liberationists argue that modern western childhood is oppressive and children today are subject to adult authority. Western notions are also being globalised, as international humanitarianism and welfare agencies have exported and imposed on the rest of the world. In this view childhood is not disappearing, but spreading throughout the world. Overall, there has been many changes in childhood and childrenââ¬â¢s statu s over the years, and is different in all parts of the world due to ethics and culture. Many sociologists have different viewpoints about childhood as a life stage.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Abortion is Murder Essay - 672 Words
Abortion is Murder Abortion was legalized in 1973, since that time nearly fifty-six million unborn babies have been murdered, that is one baby aborted every twenty seconds. The child has no choice whether to be conceived or not. The techniques they use are awful, we would never put a living child through that so why would be put an unborn child that can still feel pain through this. An abortion is not only painful to the unborn fetus but also to the mother as well. She will face not only physical pain but physiological pain as well. A child has no choice whether to be conceived or not, so if the mother and father are responsible for making a baby they should either take care of it or at least give the baby to a home, not murder him orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The dead baby is then taken out. If this isnââ¬â¢t considered murder than I donââ¬â¢t know what is. Instillation abortions are the injection of drugs or chemicals through the abdomen or cervix into the amniotic sac t o kill the unborn child causing expulsion from the uterus. The most common drugs that are used for this procedure are hypertonic saline, urea and prostaglandins. This abortion procedure is used after the mother is over sixteen weeks pregnant. Once the baby is dead the mother will deliver about thirty- five hours later. In some cases the baby is even delivered alive with severe burns. All these abortion methods state that they ââ¬Å"killâ⬠the unborn child, and when you kill you murder. (Downs, 2013) Abortion can and most likely will cause severe pain for the fetus and the mother. At 4 to 5 weeks pain receptors begin to develop. By 18 weeks the unborn fetus can feel more pain even more than an adult. By 14 weeks, the entire body, besides the back and top of the head, are sensitive to pain. The abortionist will tell you that the baby will not feel a thing but that is not the case. In an instillation abortion the chemicals that they use can cause painful burning and deterior ation of the babyââ¬â¢s skin. After suffering for an hour the baby dies. The mother has a very high chance of suffering from uncontrolled blood clotting, a severe hemorrhage, central nervous system damage, severe, a coma, and even death. More than eighty million women a year will sufferShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is Murder1062 Words à |à 4 Pages ABORTION IS MURDER ââ¬Å"There are nearly 1.2 million abortions performed in the United States each yearâ⬠(Operation Rescue, 2014). That was 1.2 million innocent lives that were ended before they even had a chance to begin. Abortion has been legal for decades now, and it is time to put a stop to all the murdering of unborn children. This senseless killing of an unborn child needs to be recognized for what it truly is, and that is legalized murder. Abortions should be made illegal in the United StatesRead MoreAbortion: Is It Murder?1524 Words à |à 7 PagesAbortion is an extremely controversial issue and one that many people can have very strong feelings for on both sides of the debate. Those who support abortion rights argue that it is a womanââ¬â¢s choice what to do with her body. Although, the unborn baby inside a woman is still a person living, and terminating that pregnancy is the same thing as murder. No one should have the choice to commit murder. Abortion is honestly wrong because t he laws prohibiting abortion help to keep people from playing GodRead MoreIs Abortion A Murder?3072 Words à |à 13 Pages Abortion is Murder Numerous times throughout the past, a woman has wept herself to sleep or woke up in the middle of the night with horrible panic attacks that she cannot seem to overcome. She lives with such guilt and wonders what life would be like today if only she had made a different choice. Life is full of choices, and unfortunately people sometimes make choices that will haunt them for the rest of their lives. The saddest part is that many times we allow other people to influence the choicesRead More Abortion is Not Murder Essay1202 Words à |à 5 PagesAbortion is Not Murder Is abortion murder?à Murder is defined as illegal killing with malice aforethought. Abortion fails this definition for two reasons. First, abortion is not illegal, and second, there is no evidence to suggest that expecting mothers feel malice towards their own flesh and blood. Not all killing is murder, of course. Murder is actually a small subset of all killing, which includes accidental homicide, killing in self-defense, suicide, euthanasia, etc. When pro-lifeRead MoreAbortion is a Murder Essay721 Words à |à 3 Pageson-going subject that has been greatly debated in our society is abortion. Many people argue that because the baby in the motherââ¬â¢s womb is not alive, aborting him or her is not considered a murder. However, others say that as the babyââ¬â¢s heart and brain are the first things to develop, the baby is technically alive and killing it would be a murder. As soon as the baby has a heartbeat, it has life. Abortion has many characteristics of a murder, including the killing of one human being by another, itââ¬â¢s unethicalRead MoreAbortion Is Murder Essay1300 Words à |à 6 Pages The topic of abortion is an extremely controversial issue in todays society, there are many separate views on the morality of it . Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy (ââ¬Å"Abortionâ⬠). In other words, it is the murder of an unborn child. Throughout the past there has been several court cases related to abortion, in attempt to resolve the debate. For example, Roe v. Wade declared that unborn children are neither ââ¬Ëpersonsââ¬â¢ nor are they entitledRead MoreAbortion: Murder or Necessity766 Words à |à 4 PagesAbortion: Murder or Necessity Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. Abortion, when induced in accordance with the local law, is among the safest procedures in medicine. However, unsafe abortions (those performed by persons without proper training or outside of a medical environment)Read MoreAbortion Is Not The Murder Of An Infant1507 Words à |à 7 Pagesdifferent perspective on abortion. The first written works of Christianity states ââ¬Å"You shall not kill the embryo by abortion and shall not cause the newborn to perish.â⬠In the early Christianity, abortion was prohibited. The early church leader who had agreed on abortion stated: ââ¬Å"that if an abortion was performed to hide the consequences of fornication and adultery, then it was a sin that required penance.â⬠This lit the sp arks between Christians on whether abortion was considered a murder or not. ââ¬Å"St.AugustineRead MoreShould Abortion Be Murder?868 Words à |à 4 PagesAbortion is Murder Have you ever lost a loved one or someone that meant a lot to you? If so, how did that make you feel? Iââ¬â¢m sure you felt heartbroken or lost and you didnââ¬â¢t know what you were going to do. Imagine how you would feel if you were trying to bring a loved one into this world but you couldnââ¬â¢t. It wasnââ¬â¢t because you didnââ¬â¢t want to, itââ¬â¢s was because you were physically not able to. There are many women who want to have kids and make their family grow but because of their health issues theyRead MoreAbortion Is An Act Of Murder? Essay1271 Words à |à 6 Pagesmotherââ¬â¢s womb when the mothers decide to have an abortion. There is much controversy regarding abortion as a whole. Abortion is a procedure that terminates any pregnancy (Dictionary.com). When discussing abortion, some would say the beginning of life started once an infant took his or her first breath during delivery and others would say life began the second they were formed in its motherà ¢â¬â¢s womb. Based on either viewpoint, is abortion considered an act of murder? A pro-abortionist considers life to begin
Saturday, December 28, 2019
African American Performers Egbert Austin Williams Essay
Egbert Austin Williams better known as Bert, was an African American performer during the late 19th and early 20th century. He was born in Nassau, Bahamas on November 12, 1874. He was the child of Frederick, who was a sailor and his mother Julia. When Williams was 11 he and his family moved to Riverside in southern California. While in Nassau, Williams encountered very little racism, southern California however was a much different story which troubled him deeply throughout his lustrous career. Although he faced racism throughout his career he still was extremely successful. By the time he died in March of 1922, he had broken down numerous racial doors that has had an everlasting impact on Broadway. He became a legend as a comedian,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They were then recruited by composer Will Cook, who was also African American, to join his play Clorindy. After they finished with Clorindy, they formed their own touring company, which they used to produce all black shows which they wrote and co-stared in. The William and Walker Company which lasted from 1899 to 1909, created three important hit productions: In Dahomey (1903), Abyssinia (1906), and Bandanna Land (1908). In Dahomey, directed by Will Cook, opened on February 18, 1903, would proved to be the most successful of the three. The show was about trying to colonize Africa and a couple black, shady businessmen in Boston used the less fortunate of their own race to do so. They must find an heirloom to help fund the plan so they hire two detectives who are played by Walker a ââ¬Å"knave, Rareback Pinkertonâ⬠and Williams a ââ¬Å"fool, Sheylock Homesteadâ⬠. They eventually end up in Dahomey as the rulers of the African state. A review of the show by, ââ¬Å"The Theatre magazine proclaimed Bert Williams ââ¬Ëa vastly funnier man than any white comedian now on the Americ an stage.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Jas Obrecht) Not only was In Dahomey the most successful of the duoââ¬â¢s biggest three productions but it is also made a major racial milestone not only in theater but in social aspects as well. ââ¬Å"The first full length all black musical to play a legitimate Broadway theater in season, In Dahomey succeeded withShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words à |à 658 Pagesgrowth of an Irish company driven from a ââ¬Ëleanââ¬â¢ corporate centre. Numico ââ¬â difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB ââ¬â competing in the global banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller ââ¬â an African brewer takes on the world: learning to thrive in difficult circumstances. MacPac ââ¬â from a New Zealand start-up to internationalisation in the outdoor equipment industry. Key: ââ" ââ" = major focus ââ" = important subsidiary focus ECS8C_C01.qxd
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Computer Technology And Marketing Approach - 3014 Words
INTRODUCTION The introduction of the Internet has become one of important things in our daily lives so much that most people believe that government and private institution interference to accessing the Internet is an infringement to their constitutional right. As a consumer I do all my purchasing online, as most business do transactions online but I was surprised when I came across an article from Forbes.com entitled ââ¬Å"How Small Business Owners Are Wrecking Their Own Chances of Successâ⬠, this article was basically questioning why some business owners are still not adopting to modern technology and marketing approach. Based on the statistics from the article, about 52% of small business in the US do not have a website, I am wondering how these business can grow in the future without access to the Internet. In my discourse, our aim is to make sure that every information either for research, academia, commercial, human right, and history from around the globe is accessible to each and every one who is connected to the global Internet. Background Computer technology underwent a dramatic transformation between the 1960s to the 1980s. In the 1960s, computers were very expensive and scarce which makes it unthinkable for an average Joe on the street to even consider owning one. Those were the times that computer networks had to be carried by individuals on some physical storage medium, such as a reel of magnetic tapes or a stack of punch cards, from one computer to the other.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Plan for Apple Inc996 Words à |à 4 PagesMarketing Plan for Apple Inc Introduction Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells personal computers, computer accessories and computer related software. The company also offers peripherals, networking solutions and other related services. Additionally, Apple computers designs, builds, and markets a wide array of portable digital music players, telecommunication devices alongside related accessories and services (Cameron Quinn 2011, p 288). Apple Inc owes its recent successRead MoreApple Incorporated Is An American Public Limited Company1395 Words à |à 6 Pagesand other closely-related software products. Apple is headquartered in Cupertino, California. The company provided their consumers with a series of personal computers, portable media players, computer software, and computer hardware accessories. Along with those products Apple is also known for the creation and development of technology concepts, such as the iPhone, Apple TV, and iPads (Rawlison). The company also operates an online store for hardware and software purchases, as well as the iTunesRead MoreInformation System Proposal1206 Words à |à 5 PagesInformation Systems Proposal BIS/220 Computer Information Systems Table of Contents Introduction 3 Understanding the market challenges 3 Internal operations and External operations 3 Information Technology Comparison chart 4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks 4 Bullets of successful strategy 5 References 6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for manyRead MoreWireless Technology Proposal Essay724 Words à |à 3 PagesWireless Technology Proposal BIS/220 November 28, 2012 Wireless Technology Proposal The purpose of this proposal is to identify two wireless technologies, which would be as a marketing tool and beneficial to implement in the Party Plates organization in order to advance business objective. This proposal will also incorporate a rationalization for the conclusion to implement the aforementioned wireless technologies and identify the risks of usingRead MoreThe Marketing Mix Of Microsoft1270 Words à |à 6 PagesThe marketing mix of Microsoft shows how well their organization has combined innovation and an effective approach to gain and maintain market share. A companyââ¬â¢s marketing mix known as the 4Ps of marketing (Product, Place, Promotion, and Price) is used to determine the company strategy and tactics for implementing their marketing plan. This technology giant aims to make the lives of people around the world easier and more convenient through its various product offerings. To continue global successRead MoreDell and Home Depot, the largest organizati ons in their field, have had to initiate new corporate700 Words à |à 3 Pagestheir customersââ¬â¢ needs and preparing a marketing strategy to incorporate a variety of segments, each has entered the marketing era with diverse products and a dynamic marketing environment. Dellââ¬â¢s target market consists of personal computer users and corporate users. Dell is known for their ability to build computers suited to their customers needs. Because their largest customer base is marketed online, their geographic area is unlimited. Since technology is rapidly progressing and moving awayRead MorePresentation Chapters 3 51422 Words à |à 6 PagesNicole Fiamingoââ¬â¢s Presentation MKT 730 ââ¬â Marketing Research February 17, Dell Printer: ââ¬Å"The New Kid On The Blockâ⬠http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42mNRePWIME Chapter 3 Research Design Marketing Research Proposal 1. 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary Background Problem Definition Approach to the problem 5. Research Design 6. Fieldwork/ Data Collection 7. Data Analysis 8. Reporting 9. Cost and Time 10.Appendices What the Research Design Includes 1. Define the information needed 2. Design the exploratoryRead MoreDell Direct and Not-so-Direct1390 Words à |à 6 PagesWeek Six Case Analysis: Dell Direct and Not-So-Direct MRKT 5000 Online Course Julia Huelsmann Dell Direct and Not-So-Direct Case Summary: When the Texas-based Dell computer company started in 1984, its creator Michael Dell was interested in having a completely different distribution approach from his competitors. In order to keep costs low, minimize inventory costs and cater to customer needs, Dell sold directly to customers. By 1997, Dellââ¬â¢s distribution model was working extremelyRead Morelenovo1381 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿ Lenovo: The Leading Chinese Computer Company Enters Global Competition Questions: 1- How did Lenovo make such a great change so quickly? Lenovo is a manufacturer of computers, tablets and smart phones. Its headquarters is located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, home of IBM ThinkPad group and in Beijing, China. It is also incorporated in Hong Kong. The company was founded in 1984 by a group of 11 engineers. In terms of weakness findings, Lenovo has shortcomings of lateRead MorePromotion Of The Apple Company1164 Words à |à 5 Pagespublic relations, marketing and online promotion. For the Apple Company to realize this strategy it has to train their staff to a high level of promotion. Personal selling is a form of promotion relevant to the Apple computers company and to the retailers authorized. The staff gets training on the knowledge of the product with a great focus on the sales of Apple computers. The people doing sales are in the best position to provide an immediate effect on the promotion of Apple computers (Nijs et al, 2001)
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Monopolistic Competition Market Structure Analysis Free Sample
Question: Discuss about theMarket Structures In Australia. Answer: Introduction: A market refers to a place where exchange of goods and services take place in lieu of money or other such equivalent consideration. However, in Economics the term is viewed in a wider perspective. It is not restricted to a particular place but spreads its wings to the entire region wherever sellers and purchasers of a particular product exist. A market structure helps to determine the various aspects of a market. It takes care about the competition prevailing in the existing market for the goods and services, How many buyers and sellers are there and what is their nature, what product, how to enter and exit from the said market and what are the economies of scale. In a competitive market the entitys ability to influence a market is very low. Four very common and important market structures of Australia is the point of discussion here. They are monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. A market structure is dynamic in nature and it keeps on changing from time to time depending upon the change in the competition, what is the impact of the change in product and most importantly the tastes and interests of the customers (Chanda, 2015). Monopoly as the name suggests means a situation where there is no substitute available for a particular product or service in the market. The monopolistic market has the freedom to decide upon the prices of the product without factoring in the market conditions and the demand-supply curve as they are the sole producer of that product (Irvine, 2010). Due to single control over the production of a product, the monopoly enterprise ensures that competitors are not able to enter. However the present scenario has been mainly limited to only government regulated enterprises such as the electricity supply board, the water supply board and similar such public utilities. They are often called the price setters as because of their position to rule the market. Australia has reported a few monopolies in this dynamism as well (Stephanie, 2015). Australia has some monopolies existing and those which are being traded in the ASX. Due to their market power they tend to derive earnings at a premium. The airport at Sydney is a monopoly asset of Australia because of its strategic placement. It is the only international airport which provides adequate services to the Australians and the tourists and thus a great support to the economy of the country. Its monopoly is guided by a law which gives Sydney Airport Holdings Ltd. a right to refuse a second international airport (Padarath, 2016). An oligopoly market is one which is dominated by more than one but restricted to a very small group of players in the market. Thus it is known as an imperfect form of competition in the market. Oligopoly market has some distinct characteristics such as the players are few, they sell similar products which differ in minute terms and installs restrictions for entry of other companies and manufacturers In this market scenario, exists some magnificent players who constantly try to mitigate competition by owing a larger piece of share. In such a kind of market the firms try to do equitable pricing of similar products available in the market. The participants of this market structure do not compete with each other basis price but they compete basis the amount of sales they have made (Klijn, 2015). Some of the major oligopolies in Australia are Coca Cola, Kelloggs, Bridgestone and Dunlop. One of the greatest examples of oligopoly which has recently emerged in the Australian market is in the telecommunication sector. Its impact cannot be ignored. Telstra was the only major player in the telecom industry in Australia for ages until two more entrants entered the market in a big way endangering its monopoly. These players were Vodafone Australia and Singapore owned Optus There were news that the Singapore telecommunication would delist itself from ASX but at the same time it confirmed that Optus would be a part of the market and ensure that the position of Telstra is endangered (Tyers, 2014). Even Vodafone has off lately gained success after it succeeded in resolving its network issues. Australia is said to be mostly dominated by oligopoly market. Australia has this unique feature wherein each industry has mostly two to four dominant players due to which investing these companies y ield higher returns to the investors. As per the study conducted by UBS, sectors which are dominated by oligopolies perform much better at an average rate of4.9 percent on an annual basis. Also the intervention of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission makes it clear that government has ensured that the consumers are not exploited by these monopolies and duopolies. Foe example the ACCC has fixed the price that Telstra can charge from its competitors in order to allow them access Telstras network. This has been done specifically to regulate the amount that Telstra could have charged otherwise (Dagge, 2015). Duopoly is a variant of the oligopoly market structure where the numbers of players as the name suggests are only two. Australias grocery sector was one such example of a duopoly market structure until there were entrants from Germany. Ruling over a market share of 79 percent the Australian based company Woolsworths and Wesfarmers-owned Coles have ruled this sector for decades (Global Credit Research, 2015). Unfortunately, recently it has been noticed that the oligopoly market of Australia is facing death in various sectors. The grocery kings are now facing a tiff from Aldi, Costco and SPAR- German companies. This is expected to have an impact similar to what happened in the United Kingdom. Thus oligopoly though has been the main market structure of Australia for decades; the same is now facing a few challenges which may wipe of the said structure from those sectors soon (Theconversation.com., 2011). The most sought after example to describe the varying market structure of Australia is that of Coca-cola and Pepsi. The market share of Coca-cola is thrice that of Pepsi in Australia. During the great depression, twice Pepsi Inc. declared itself bankrupt. Even though Coca-cola company could have bought Pepsi but it chose not to. Had it done so then it would have had enjoyed a monopoly and would have earned huge profits for years. But even though it does not have monopoly in the field of beverage yet its market share is considered to be as much as three times than that of Pepsi (Lin, 2012). The reason behind is convenience in availability of Coke around the world. Any food retailer keeps one of the two types of cola Coke or Pepsi and most retailers have Coke as their beverage. Thus in this duopoly market of beverage Coca-cola steals the show. Thus the said beverage dominates the market simply because of its marketing strategy, price and the ease in procuring the cola by general public. The next very prominent type of market structure prevalent in Australia is named as monopolistic competition market. This is one of the most perfect forms of the market structure wherein there is no restrictions on the entry and exit of firms. Further this industry offers products which are similar but with some minute distinguishing factors. These can be used as a substitute but not a perfect one. This market is too volatile and reacts very quickly to changes in the prices of the products. The firms belonging to this market are more inclined towards advertisements. Another very distinct feature of a monopolistic competition market structure is brand and how the same is promoted in the market. Customers are often seen very brand loyal and they prefer to pay an extra penny for their favourite brand (Hubbard et.al. 2013). Apart from the above, although the entry-exit is easy in a monopolistic competitive market structure yet it faced the exit of Starbucks from Australia after operating for eight long years. Product delineation is the success for any type of an industry in this market structure. However on a detailed analysis of the reason for the downfall it was understood that Australias market is more localized in nature i.e. Starbucks offers only standardized products thus failed to relate to the tastes of the localites. Even though there was some differentiation in the products they offered but that was too late. They should have understood that the taste buds of Australians were similar to Europeans and not Americans. The next very important factor was pricing. Its prices are too high as compared to the other local cafes and shops and the Australians did not find it worth. Further one of the largest coffee brands of the world failed to adopt a strategy so as to retain customers loyalty. They did not understand the fact product differentiation is a continuous process and before its products get copied by the other local coffee shops, it should have introduced something new so as to keep the interest of the customers intact. Thus from the above example it is very well understood that to enable sustainability of a monopolistic competitive market in Australia the brands and the manufacturers have to relate themselves with the crowd and the targeted customers. To beat the competition and charge premium amount for their products, they will understand how the market curve works as each country offers a different kind of a market structure (The Weekly, 2013). Also Australia is a continent which is more inclined towards duopolistic and oligopolistic type of a market structure. Monopoly also exists though very few in number. However monopolistic competitive market is very rare. Also to survive in a monopolistic competitive market in Australia is more difficult then surviving in the other market structures. Thus on a concluding note it is understood that in todays world of tough competition, Australia is one such continent where monopoly is still in vogue. It is the only country which has not faced a hit due to recession. Australian monopoly companies are more inclined towards pouring in their money to find out innovative ways and means of production and invest a major part into research and developmental activities. The country has only two major airline industry and two retailers operating presently thus clearly showing an inclination towards duopoly market structure also. Oligopolistic market is found in the banking sector where the major player are only four in number. References: Chanda, S., 2015, Market Structure : Meaning, Characteristics and Forms Economics, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/market/market-structure-meaning-characteristics-and-forms-economics/28736/ Dagge, J., 2015, Study finds Australian Monopolies have better results, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/study-finds-australian-monopolies-have-better-results/news-story/83436800178abede28b01f82135a5da5 Global Credit Research, 2015, Moodys : Australian Grocery markets duopoly faces shake up, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Australian-grocery-markets-duopoly-faces-shake-up--PR_332437 Hubbard, G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P., 2013, Essentials of Economics, Pearson Australia: NSW Irvine, J., 2010, Get out of monopoly free cards cant be left out to the roll of the dice, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/get-out-of-monopoly-free-cards-cant-be-left-to-the-roll-of-the-dice-20101026-172ax.html Klijn, W., 2015, Study finds Australian oligopoly premium, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.theinstoreport.com.au/articles/study-finds-australian-oligopoly-premium Lin, H., 2012, Coca-cola vs. Pepsi: The Economics behind Cokes Dominance, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://economicstudents.com/2012/10/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-the-economics-behind-cokes-dominance/ Padarath, R., 2016, 3 ways to beat the market by investing in monopoly style business, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://www.fool.com.au/2016/03/31/3-ways-to-beat-the-market-by-investing-in-monopoly-style-businesses/ Stephanie, J.D., 2015, Market Structure Assignment, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://prezi.com/2tizn-6vm8mx/market-structure-assignment/ The Weekly, 2013, The Long Run : When Exiting a Monopolistically Competitive Market Can Be A Good Idea, viewed on 08th Aug 2016, https://cassmba3.weebly.com/the-failed-long-run.html Theconversation.com., 2011, Coles and Woolsworths duopoly hard to swallow, viewed on 08th August 2016, https://theconversation.com/coles-and-woolworths-duopoly-hard-to-swallow-533 Tyers, R., 2014, Service Oligopolies and Australias Economy Wide Performance, The University of Western Australia
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Long term memory free essay sample
Long term memory BY ha01012 Memory Storage There are two types of storage that consist in our brain, which are short and long term memory. Short term memory involves rehearsal and chunking (Schacter et al. , 2012), while long term consists of encoding and retrieval of past memories (Schacter et al. , 2012). I strongly believe that short term memories can lead into long term memories, but only if the human right frontal lobe, hippocampus, and the sensory region works together. Do you remember the time you were in class and had a question to ask your professor? You raise your hand and when the professor calls your name, you simply say l forgot what I was going to say or l dont remember what I was going to say. After a couple of minutes or an hour later, you remember what you were going to say because something triggers you to recall what it was. We will write a custom essay sample on Long term memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that something you saw or heard, triggered your frontal lobe, therefore accessing your hippocampus and some parts of the sensory region to remember. A great example would be the movie 50 first date, it was a great example of anterograde. Anterograde is the inability to transfer new info from the short term torage into the long term storage. I believe that in this scenario, the right frontal lobe is not working properly, because it cannot access the hippocampus. But it doesnt explain why she can remember for a short term period and the next day she will forget. If this is the case, then the frontal lobe must be fully functional but the hippocampus must be only active for a short amount of time and resets itself. It is interesting to see that if one part of the brain is not corresponding with the other part, it will affect its ability to function correctly and
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)